The Imperial Church from Constantine to the Early Middle Ages. // History of the Church. Ed. Hubert Jedin, John Dolan. Vol. II. 846 pp.
Опись А, №40702.
HISTORY OF THE CHURCH
Edited by HUBERT JEDIN and
JOHN DOLAN
Volume II
THE IMPERIAL CHURCH FROM CONSTANTINE TO THE EARLY MIDDLE
AGES
by
KARL BAUS HANS-GEORG BECK EUGEN EWIG HERMANN JOSEF VOGT
Translated by Anselm Biggs
A Crossroad Book THE SEABURY PRESS Х NEW YORK
1980 The Sea bury Press 815 Second Avenue New York, N.Y. 10017
Translated from the Handbuch der Kirchen beschichte Vol. II: Die Reichskirche nach Konstantin dem Grossen U/1: Die Kirche von Nikaia bit ChaJkedon © Verlag Herder/KG Freiburg im Breisgau 1973 11/2: Die Kirche in Ost und West von Cha/kedon bis zum Friibmitteiaher 031 -700) © Verlag Herder KG Freiburg im Breisgau 1975
English translation © 1980 by The Seabury Press, Inc.
Ali rights reserved. No pan of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the written permission of The Seabury Preї.
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
Main entry under title: The imperial church from Constantine to the early Middle Ages. (History of the church; v. 2) Translation of Die Reichskirche nach Konstantin dem Grossen. "A Crossroad book." Bibliography: p. Includes index. I. Church historyЧPrimitive and early church, ca. 30-600. I. Baus, Karl. II. Series: Jedin, Hubert, 1900- ed. Handbuch der Kirchengeschkhte English; v. 2.
BR145.2.J413 1980, vol. 2 [BR200] 270s {270.2] ISBN 0-8164-0444-5 80-12615
CONTENTS
Preface xi
Preface to the English Edition xiii
List of Abbreviations xv
PART ONE: THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE CHURCH OF THE EMPIRE WITHIN THE FRAMEWORK OF THE IMPERIAL RELIGIOUS POLICY (Karl Baus)
Chapter 1: From Christianity's Position of Equality to One of Privilege by the
Favor of the Emperor Constantine II 3
Position of Church and Emperor in 324 3
The Growing Privileged Position of the Christian Religion 4
Constantine's Baptism and Death 14
Chapter 2: Origin and Course of the Arian Controversy to the Death of Con stantine (337) 16
The Origin 16
The Council of Nicaea and its Outcome 22
The Development to the Death of Constantine (337) 29
Chapter 3: The Struggle over the Council of Nicaea under the Sons of
Constantine 32
The Synod of Serdica and its Sequel 37
The Religious Policy of Constantius II as Sole Emperor (350-361) .... 41
The Double Synod of Seleucia-Rimini (359) 47
Chapter 4: The Attempted Restoration of Paganism by the Emperor Julian
(361-363) 50
Chapter 5: Collapse of Arianism and Definitive Recovery of the Nicene
Theology at the Council of Constantinople (381) 59
The Religious Policy of the Emperor Valens 61
The Work of the Young Nicenes 64
The Council of Constantinople (381) 67
The Creed of Constantinople (381) 71
The Synod of Constantinople as an "Ecumenical" Council 76
Chapter 6: Development of the Relationship of Church and State in the
Fourth Century: The "Church of the Empire" 78
Church and State under Constantine I 78
Efforts to Subordinate the Church to the State by the Emperors Constantius
and Valens 81
Ambrose and Theodosius 86
The "Church of the Empire" 89
PART TWO: THE THEOLOGICAL DISPUTES IN EAST AND WEST TO THE MIDDLE OF THE FIFTH CENTURY (Karl Baus)
Chapter 7: Christology to the Council of Ephesus (431) 93
The Christological Question in the Fourth Century 93
The Search of Apollinaris of Laodicea for a Solution 94
The Further Development of Christology to 428 96
The Conflict between Cyril and Nestorius 100
Ephesus 103
Chapter 8: From Ephesus to Chalcedon 108
Reconciliation between Antioch and Alexandria 108
Rise of Monophysitism Ill
The Ecumenical Council of Chalcedon (451) 114
Chapter 9: The Origenist Controversy at the Turn of the fourth and Fifth
Centuries 121
Chapter 10: The Priscillianist Movement 129
Chapter 11: The Struggle with Donatism 136
Donatism under the Constantinian Dynasty 136
The Golden Age of Donatism under Bishop Parmenian 142
Augustine and Donatism 148
The Religious Discussion of Carthage (411) and its Sequel 156
Chapter 12: Pelagius and the Aftermath 161
The Ideal of Morality of the Pelagian Circle 161
The Discussion of Pelagianism within the Church 165
Julian of Aeclanum 171
Theological Augustinianism to the Mid-Fifth Century 174
PART THREE: INNER LIFE OF THE CHURCH
BETWEEN NICAEA AND CHALCEDON (Karl Baus; Chapter 13, section 3 by Eugen Ewig)
Chapter 13: Missionary Activity of the Church 181
1. Christianization of the Population of the Empire 181
2.
3. Questions of Missionary Method 213
4.
The Representatives of the Missionary Idea and Missionary Work 213
State and Mission 217
Christian Mission and Judaism 221
5. The First Contacts of Christianity with the Germans and the Conversion of
6.
the Goths 225
Chapter 14: The Building of the Organization of the Church of the Empire . 230
The Local Episcopal Church 230
The Metropolitan Union 223
Superior Organization of the Greater Churches 236
Ecclesiastical Assemblies . 241
Chapter 15: The Further Development of the Roman Primacy from Melchiades
to Leo I 245
Popes Damasus I and Siricius 250
Pope Innocent I 256
Pope Leo the Great 264
UUIN 1 CIN 1 3
Chapter 16: The Clergy of the Church of the Empire 269
The Various Orders 270
Preliminaries for Admission to the Clerical State 273
Clerical Marriage and the Beginnings of Celibacy 277
Choice and Ordination of the Clergy 281
Privileges of the Clerical State 284
The Collegiality of the Bishops 287
Chapter 17: The Liturgy 289
Differentiation of Liturgies in East and West 290
New Features in the Sacramental Liturgy 293
The Liturgical Year 302
Chapter 18: Preaching and Piety 307
Catechesis and Preaching 307
Christocentric Piety 319
Forms of Asceticism 322
Cult of Martyrs and Saints 323
Early Christian Pilgrimage 328
Survival of Pagan Customs in Christian Popular Piety 331
The Laity in the Church 334
Chapter 19: Early Christian Monasticism: Development and Expansion in the
East 337
I. The Religious and Historical Background 337
II. Development and Expansion in the East 343
1. Egyptian Anchoritism. The Pachomians. The Monasticism of the Deserts of Nitria and Scete 343
2.
The Egyptian Anchoritism 343
Cenobitism of the Pachomians 345
The Monasticism of the Deserts of Nitria and Scete 354
3. Monasticism in Palestine and Syria 357
4.
Latin Monasteries in Palestine 360
Syrian Monasticism 362
5. The Monasticism of Asia Minor and Constantinople 367
6.
7. Messalianism 371
8.
Chapter 20: The Monasticism of the Latin West 374
Rome and Italy 375
Gaul 379
Spain 385
North Africa 386
Augustine's Monastic Role 387
Anti-Monastic Currents 390
Chapter 21: Church and Society 393
Marriage and Family 394
The Social Sphere 401
Magnates and Dependents 403
Rich and Poor 406
The Cultural Sphere 411
PART FOUR: THE EARLY BYZANTINE CHURCH (Hans-Georg Beck)
Chapter 22: The Henoticon and the Acacian Schism 421
Chapter 23: The Elaboration of the Church of the Byzantine Empire in the
Age of the Emperor Justinian I 433
V.V^l'N J. x O
Chapter 24: Justinian's Zigzag Course: The Origenist Troubles 443
Chapter I')-. The Controversy over the Three Chapters and the Fifth General
Council. End of the Age of Justinian 450
Chapter 26: Justinian's Successors: Monoenergism and Monothelitism .... 457
Chapter 27: The Rise of National Churches on the Frontiers of the Byzantine
Empire 463
The Church of the Nestorians 463
The Coptic Church 469
The Jacobite Church 475
The Church of the Armenians 479
Chapter 28: Early Byzantine Monasticism 483
Chapter 29: Theological and Religious Literature 488
Chapter 30: Organization and Inner Life of the Eastern Imperial Church . . . 495
Chapter 31: Missionary Activity of the Early Byzantine Imperial Church ... 504
Chapter 32: The Assault of Islam 509
PART FIVE: THE LATIN CHURCH IN THE TRANSITION TO THE EARLY MIDDLE AGES (Chapters 33 to 37 by Eugen Ewig; Chapters 38, 39, 42 by Karl Baus; Chapters 40, 41, 43, 44 by Hermann Josef Vogt)
SECTION ONE: THE MISSIONARY WORK OF THE LATIN CHURCH 517
Chapter 33: The Origins of Christianity in Ireland and Scotland 517
Chapter 34: The Conversion of the Franks and Burgundians. Origin and Orga nization of the Merovingian National Church 524
Chapter 35: The East Germans and Catholicism: The Conversion of the Sueves and Visigoths of Spain to Catholicism and the Second Flowering of Christian Antiquity in the Spanish Visigothic National Church 558
Chapter 36: The Lombards and Italy 574
Chapter 37: The Conversion of the Anglo-Saxons and the Beginnings of the Anglo-Saxon Church 585
SECTION TWO: INNER LIFE OF THE CHURCH TO THE END OF THE SEVENTH CENTURY 602
Chapter 38: North African Christianity from the Beginning of Vandal Rule to
the Muslim Invasion 602
The North African Church under Vandal Rule 602
Christianity in Byzantine North Africa 609
The Muslim Invasion and the Ruin of North African Christianity 612
Chapter 39: The Papacy between Byzantium and the German Kingdoms from Hilary (461-468) to Serguis I (687-701) 614
Pope Gelasius I (492-496) 616
Pope Hormisdas (514-523) 622
Pope Gregory the Great (590-604) 629
Popes of the Seventh Century 633
Chapter 40: The Ecclesiastical Organization and the Clergy 636
Papal Vicariates 636
Spain 636
Aries 637
Thessalonica 641
Parish Organization 644
Clergy 651
Formation 651
Morality 652
Celibacy 653
Archpriest 656
Chapter 41: Liturgy, Care of Souls, Piety 658
Liturgy 658
Care of Souls 673
Preaching 673
Baptism 676
Penance 677
Anointing and Imposition of Hands 682
Piety 683
Chapter 42: Latin Monasticism from the Mid-Fifth Century to the End of the
Seventh Century 690
Italy 693
Monasticism in the Merovingian Kingdom 699
Spanish Monasticism 702
The Monasticism of Africa 705
Chapter 43: Theological Discussions 707
The Church's Confrontation with the Arianism of the Vandals and the Goths 707
The Semipelagian Quarrel 722
The Quarrel over the Three Chapters 728
Consequences of the Quarrel over the Three Chapters 733
Chapter 44: The Epilogue of Early Christian Latin Literature 736
Boethius 736
Cassiodorus 739
Gregory the Great 744
Isidore 750
List of Popes, Councils, and Rulers 757
General Bibliography 763
Bibliographies for Individual Chapters 775
Index 822
